DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF LEGAL PROTECTION AND INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES

Abstract

Domestic violence remains one of the most pervasive violations of human dignity in Nigeria, cutting across cultural, religious, and socio-economic boundaries despite the existence of legal and institutional frameworks. This paper examines the legal and institutional mechanisms for the prevention, protection, and redress of domestic violence in Nigeria, with particular emphasis on constitutional provisions, statutory frameworks, judicial interpretations, and enforcement challenges. The paper finds that although Nigeria has made significant legislative progress, particularly through criminal statutes and protective legislation, enforcement remains weak due to institutional inefficiencies, the cultural normalization of abuse, among other factors. A comparative analysis with jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and South Africa further demonstrates that stronger enforcement mechanisms and coordinated institutional responses are essential for effective protection. The paper recommends enhanced capacity building for law enforcement agencies, expansion of support services for victims, among other measures.